Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:
Diagnostic Studies for Atherosclerosis
Diagnosis involves a combination of physical exams, lab tests, and imaging:
These tools are essential for assessing the presence, extent, and impact of atherosclerosis and guiding treatment to prevent further cardiovascular complications.
Atherosclerosis manifests differently depending on the affected arteries.
It causes coronary artery disease in the coronary arteries, characterized by angina and dyspnea.
When it affects the cerebrovascular system, it may compromise cerebral blood flow, resulting in transient ischemic attacks with symptoms dependent on the affected brain region.
Peripheral arterial disease, or PAD, arises from atherosclerosis in limb arteries, causing intermittent claudication.
Next, diagnosis of atherosclerosis begins with a physical examination to determine bruits, diminished pulse, and skin color or temperature changes.
Blood tests for cholesterol and triglycerides help assess risk factors.
An electrocardiogram monitors the heart's activity, and echocardiography evaluates the heart's structure and function.
The Ankle-Brachial-Index detects PAD by comparing arm-to-ankle blood pressure.
Advanced imaging techniques like computed tomography angiography reveal arterial plaques.
Coronary Angiography focuses on coronary artery blockages, while Intravascular Ultrasound precisely measures artery wall thickness and plaque size.
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