This article details a procedure for intubating a pig using an electromyography (EMG) tube. The method ensures proper airway management during surgical procedures.
Begin by prepping an anesthetized pig in the prone position. Pull the pig's jaws to open its mouth and slightly extend the tongue out. Place a laryngoscope over the tongue and push it down to visualize the laryngeal opening.
The larynx, or voice box, is a cartilaginous organ connecting the throat with the trachea, containing the membranous folds or vocal cords for generating sound. The opening of the larynx is guarded by the epiglottis - a leaf-like cartilaginous flap which covers the trachea during swallowing.
Now, move the laryngoscope toward the tongue's base and push the epiglottis down to reveal the tracheal opening. Carefully insert an elastic bougie - a flexible introducer that facilitates tubing insertion into the trachea.
The bougie is preloaded with an electromyography, or EMG, tube with a recording electrode to monitor the real-time electrical activity of laryngeal muscles. Next, advance the EMG tube over the bougie into the trachea at an appropriate depth.
Gently remove the bougie followed by laryngoscope, and immediately inflate the EMG tube cuff. The inflated cuff anchors the EMG tube within the trachea and creates a seal that protects the airway against leakage. Thereafter, connect the EMG tube to a ventilator to provide breathing support to the animal during subsequent surgical procedures.
Begin by placing a three to four-month-old piglet in the prone position on the operating table, with the head and body aligned, to facilitate a clear visualization of the upper airway. Have an assistant apply traction of the upper and lower jaw to maintain an adequate mouth opening, and place the laryngoscope upside down directly into the oral cavity to depress the tongue.
Use the laryngoscope to press the epiglottis downward toward the tongue base, gently advancing the elastic bougie into the trachea, when the vocal cords can be clearly visualized. Advance the electromyography, or EMG, tube at the corner of the mouth to a depth of 24 centimeters, and use medical tape to fix the tube at the mouth angle, then, connect the EMG tube to the ventilator.
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