【新闻麻辣烫】
"刚果(金)和M23叛军在卡塔尔签了份'和平试用装'协议，约定7月29日前停火——不过双方对'试用条款'理解似乎不太一样：政府说要叛军'无条件下班'，叛军代表却在X上发视频说'协议里根本没这茬'！最搞笑的是这份被非盟称为'里程碑'的协议，已经是该地区第N+1次'和平试用装'了——毕竟16年前M23就是从一份失败的和平协议里'复活'的。美国在旁边虎视眈眈：'你们先和好，让我来开发矿产就行！'"
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**DR Congo and M23 rebels sign ceasefire deal in Qatar**
**刚果(金)与M23叛军在卡塔尔签署停火协议**
The Democratic Republic of Congo and M23 rebels have signed a ceasefire deal in Qatar to end fighting between the warring sides.
刚果民主共和国与M23叛军在卡塔尔签署停火协议，旨在结束双方敌对状态。
Dubbed the Declaration of Principles, Saturday's agreement seen by the BBC, says both sides must refrain from attacks,"hate propaganda" and"any attempt to seize by force new positions on the ground".
这份被称作《原则宣言》的协议规定双方必须停止攻击、"仇恨宣传"和"任何武力夺取新阵地的企图"。
The two sides agreed to implement the deal's terms by July 29. A final peace deal is due by 18 August and must align with last month's US-brokered deal between DR Congo and Rwanda, which denies accusations it backs M23.
双方同意在7月29日前落实协议条款，最终和平协议需在8月18日前达成，且必须与上月美国斡旋的刚果(金)-卢旺达协议保持一致（该协议否认支持M23的指控）。
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**Conflict background**
**冲突背景**
Decades of conflict escalated earlier this year when M23 rebels seized control of large parts of the mineral-rich eastern DR Congo including the regional capital, Goma, the city of Bukavu and two airports.
持续数十年的冲突在今年初升级，M23叛军控制了矿产丰富的刚果(金)东部大片地区，包括首府戈马、布卡武市和两座机场。
The UN says thousands of people have been killed and hundreds of thousands of civilians forced from their homes since. The M23 disputes the figures, saying fewer than 1,000 people have died.
联合国称冲突已致数千人死亡、数十万平民流离失所。M23反驳该数据，称死亡人数不足千人。
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**Divergent interpretations**
**分歧解读**
DR Congo spokesperson Patrick Muyaya said the deal took the government's"red line" into account - including the"non-negotiable withdrawal" of the M23 from occupied areas.
刚果(金)发言人帕特里克·穆亚亚称协议考虑了政府"红线"，包括M23"不可谈判地从占领区撤军"。
But in a video posted on X, M23 negotiator Benjamin Mbonimpa said the deal did not mention such a pull-out.
但M23谈判代表本杰明·姆博尼姆帕在X平台发布的视频中称，协议未提及此类撤军。
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**International reactions**
**国际反应**
The African Union Commission called the declaration a"milestone" in lasting peace efforts and security in the region.
非洲联盟委员会称该宣言是该地区持久和平与安全的"里程碑"。
Qatar said negotiations were set to continue, while the US-brokered June deal has faced criticism over Washington's interest in DR Congo's mineral wealth.
卡塔尔表示谈判将继续进行，而6月美国斡旋的协议因华盛顿对刚果(金)矿产资源的兴趣而遭受批评。
The declaration also outlines a commitment to reinstating state authority in eastern DR Congo.
宣言还概述了恢复刚果(金)东部国家权威的承诺。
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**Historical context**
**历史背景**
This is the latest in a long line of failed peace deals in the region. One of the main players in today's conflict - the M23 rebels - emerged from a failed peace deal 16 years ago that never delivered on demobilisation.
这是该地区一系列失败和平协议中的最新一例。当前冲突主要参与者M23叛军正是源于16年前未能实现复员的失败和平协议。
In March, DR Congo's President Félix Tshisekedi and his Rwandan counterpart Paul Kagame met in Qatar and both called for an immediate ceasefire.
3月，刚果(金)总统菲利克斯·齐塞克迪与卢旺达总统保罗·卡加梅在卡塔尔会晤，双方呼吁立即停火。
The following month, DR Congo and M23 group agreed to a ceasefire facilitated by Qatar, but fighting continued on the ground.
次月，刚果(金)与M23在卡塔尔斡旋下同意停火，但实地战斗仍在继续。
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**Future prospects**
**未来展望**
There has been talk of Tshisekedi and Rwanda's President Paul Kagame going to Washington to meet Trump together, though no date has been fixed.
有传言称齐塞克迪和卢旺达总统卡加梅将共同赴华盛顿会见特朗普，但尚未确定日期。
The Washington deal, which came about in June, has been met with widespread criticism as a key incentive for the US' intervention is access to the DR Congo's vast mineral wealth. President Trump boasted of this feat.
6月达成的华盛顿协议遭到广泛批评，因美国干预的关键动机是获取刚果(金)丰富的矿产资源。特朗普总统曾对此自夸。
