【新闻摘要】
乌克兰军方推出"战争积分制"，击杀俄军士兵可兑换装备，被网友戏称为"真人版使命召唤"。士兵们上传击杀视频后，系统会根据目标价值打分——炸毁火箭炮得50分，坦克40分（击伤20分），攒够积分就能在政府网站兑换无人机等装备。数字转型部长骄傲表示这既是"战争数学"，又能提升士气。不过前线士兵褒贬不一：有人夸赞"比军饷更提神"，也有人吐槽"这系统把死亡都变成了积分游戏"。目前95%作战部队已参与，只是不知道俄军士兵会不会也搞个"反杀乌克兰无人机得积分换伏特加"的对抗活动？
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**Kill Russian soldiers, win points: Is Ukraine's new drone scheme gamifying war?**
击杀俄军士兵赢积分：乌克兰新无人机计划将战争游戏化？
**4 days ago Share Save Paul Adams Diplomatic correspondent in Kyiv Share Save**
4天前 分享 保存 基辅外交记者保罗·亚当斯 分享 保存
**BBC/Xavier Vanpevenaege Ukrainian soldiers can trade videos of confirmed kills for points, which they can use to buy equipment**
BBC/Xavier Vanpevenaege 乌克兰士兵可用击杀视频兑换积分购买装备
The images come in every day. Thousands of them. Men and equipment being hunted down along Ukraine's long, contested front lines. Everything filmed, logged and counted. And now put to use too, as the Ukrainian military tries to extract every advantage it can against its much more powerful opponent. Under a scheme first trialled last year and dubbed"Army of Drones: Bonus" (also known as"e-points"), units can earn points for each Russian soldier killed or piece of equipment destroyed. And like a killstreak in Call of Duty, or a 1970s TV game show, points mean prizes."The more strategically important and large-scale the target, the more points a unit receives," reads a statement from the team at Brave 1, which brings together experts from government and the military."For example, destroying an enemy multiple rocket launch system earns up to 50 points; 40 points are awarded for a destroyed tank and 20 for a damaged one." Call it the gamification of war. Each uploaded video is now carefully analysed back in Kyiv, where points are awarded according to a constantly evolving set of military priorities."I think, first and foremost, it's about quality data, the mathematics of war, and understanding how to use limited resources more effectively," says the man behind the e-points scheme, Mykhailo Fedorov, Ukraine's Minister of Digital Transformation.
每日都有数千条视频涌入：在乌克兰漫长的战线上，俄军人员和装备被猎杀的影像。所有画面都被记录、归档，如今更被赋予新用途——乌军正竭力从强大对手身上榨取每一分优势。这项去年试点的"无人机军团：奖励"计划（又称"电子积分"）规定，部队每击杀一名俄军或摧毁一件装备即可获得积分。就像《使命召唤》的连杀奖励或1970年代电视竞猜节目，积分意味着奖品。"目标战略价值越高、规模越大，部队获得积分越多，"政府与军方专家组成的Brave1团队声明称，"例如摧毁敌方多管火箭炮可得50分，坦克40分（击伤20分）。"这堪称战争游戏化。每段上传视频都会在基辅接受分析，根据动态军事优先级赋分。"我认为核心在于获取优质数据、建立战争数学模型，更高效运用有限资源，"电子积分计划推动者、乌克兰数字转型部长米哈伊洛·费多罗夫表示。
**BBC/Xavier Vanpevenaege Mykhailo Fedorov, Ukraine's Minister of Digital Transformation, shows the BBC's Paul Adams how the system works**
BBC/Xavier Vanpevenaege 数字转型部长米哈伊洛·费多罗夫向BBC记者演示系统运作
But after three and a half long years of grinding, all-out war, the system has another vital use."It's also about motivation," Fedorov says."When we change the point values, we can see how motivation changes." Fedorov's office sports a huge video screen with dozens of live feeds from Ukrainian drones flying over the front lines. Together, the feeds provide a vivid glimpse into Ukraine's drone war, in which commanders claim flying robots now account for an estimated 70% of all Russian deaths and injuries. Since the early days of Russia's full-scale invasion, social media feeds have been full of drone videos, usually set to soundtracks of thudding heavy metal music. The turret of a tank, exploding in a ball of flame. A lone soldier, fending off an attacking drone with a rifle or a stick. It can make for gruesome viewing. Each video celebrating the death of an opponent. The video going fuzzy as the drone explodes. But beyond a sense of grim satisfaction, hard-pressed front-line units now operate in the knowledge that evidence of their exploits can bring them rewards.
但在历经三年半鏖战后，该系统还有更重要作用。"这也是为了激励士气，"费多罗夫说，"当我们调整分值时，能明显看到士气变化。"部长办公室的巨大屏幕上，数十个前线无人机画面实时跳动，生动展现着乌军的无人机战争——指挥官称约70%俄军伤亡由这些飞行机器人造成。自俄军全面入侵起，社交媒体就充斥着配重金属音乐的无人机视频：炮塔在火球中炸裂、孤身士兵用步枪或木棍抵挡攻击...画面令人毛骨悚然。每个视频都在庆祝对手死亡，最终以爆炸雪花屏结束。但除了残酷的满足感，如今艰苦作战的前线部队还知道：他们的战绩将转化为实际奖励。
**BBC/Xavier Vanpevenaege Units can spend hard-earned points on new equipment on the government website, Brave1**
BBC/Xavier Vanpevenaege 部队可在政府网站Brave1用积分兑换新装备
The BBC reached out to more than a dozen units to find out what front line soldiers make of the scheme. The responses were mixed."In general, my comrades and I are positive," said Volodymyr, a soldier from the 108th Territorial Defence Brigade. He asked us not to use his surname. At a time when frontline units are burning through equipment, especially attack drones, at a ferocious rate, Volodymyr says the e-points scheme is proving useful."This is a way to make up for what we lose… while inflicting losses on the enemy as effectively as possible." The 22nd Mechanised Brigade, currently fighting in the north-east of the country, has had about three months to get used to the new system."Once we figured out how it works, it turned out to be quite a decent system," said a soldier from the 22nd with the callsign Jack."Our lads are worn out, and nothing really motivates them anymore," Jack said."But this system helps. The drones are provided through this programme, and the lads get rewarded. It's a decent motivation." But others are less convinced.
BBC采访十余支部队了解士兵看法，反响褒贬不一。"总体而言我和战友持积极态度，"第108领土防卫旅士兵Volodymyr表示（他要求隐去姓氏）。在当前装备（尤其是攻击无人机）消耗惊人的情况下，他认为电子积分很有用："这能弥补损失...同时最大限度杀伤敌人。"在东北部作战的第22机械化旅已试用该系统三个月。"弄懂规则后，发现确实不错，"呼号"杰克"的士兵说，"兄弟们精疲力尽，寻常方法难以激励。但这系统有效——通过它获得无人机，还能得到奖励，算不错的动力。"不过也有质疑声音。
**Getty Images After three and a half years of Russia's full-scale invasion, Ukrainian troops are exhausted**
Getty Images 俄军全面入侵三年半后，乌军已疲惫不堪
"The fundamental issue of motivation isn't resolved by this," said a soldier who asked only to be identified by his callsign, Snake."Points won't stop people fleeing from the military." A soldier who identified himself as Dymytro sent us a lengthy response in which he complained that units were spending too much time trying to claim each other's hits or would deliberately attack a Russian vehicle that had already been disabled, in order to earn more points. For Dymytro, the whole concept seemed morally dubious."This system is just a result of our twisted mental habit of turning everything into profit," Dymytro complained,"even our own damned death." But the e-points scheme is typical of the way Ukraine has fought this war: creative, out-of-the-box thinking designed to make the most of the country's innovative skills and minimise the effect of its numerical disadvantage. Fedorov says 90-95% of fighting units are now participating, providing a steady stream of useful data."We've started receiving quality information and making decisions based on it," he says."By collecting data, we can propose changes, but the foundation is always military strategy."
"根本性的士气问题并未解决，"呼号"蛇"的士兵说，"积分制阻止不了逃兵。"自称Dymytro的士兵发来长文投诉，称部队常为争抢战果耗时扯皮，甚至故意攻击已瘫痪的俄军车辆刷分。在他看来，这套系统在道德上站不住脚："不过是把一切都利益化的扭曲思维产物——连死亡都他妈能换积分。"但电子积分计划恰恰体现乌军作战特点：用创造性思维最大限度发挥技术优势，弥补兵力劣势。费多罗夫称90-95%作战部队已参与，持续提供宝贵数据。"我们开始依据优质信息决策，"他表示，"通过数据分析提出改进方案，但一切以军事战略为根基。"
**BBC/Xavier Vanpevenaege Mykhailo Fedorov says the government is using the data to make strategic decisions**
BBC/Xavier Vanpevenaege 米哈伊洛·费多罗夫表示政府正利用数据制定战略决策
