【新闻麻辣烫】
普京的"青春收割机"：俄罗斯18岁少年刚毕业就上前线，医学院梦想变战壕遗言！BBC调查发现，至少245名刚成年的俄罗斯男孩在乌克兰战场丧生——说好的"不派学生兵"呢？原来签个合同就能绕过兵役，爱国教育从幼儿园抓起，连AK47使用都成了高中必修课。西伯利亚少年被控抢劫后"自愿参军"，妈妈等来的不是工资单而是阵亡通知...（温馨提示：本文可能引起家长不适，建议配伏特加阅读）
---
**School-leavers losing their lives for Russia in Putin's war with Ukraine**
**毕业生在普京对乌战争中为俄罗斯丧生**
2 days ago Share Save Anastasia Platonova & Olga Ivshina BBC News Russian Share Save
2天前 安娜斯塔西娅·普拉托诺娃 & 奥尔加·伊夫希娜 BBC俄语组 分享 收藏
VK/BBC Alexander (L) and Vitaly died not long after they arrived on the frontline in February
VK/BBC 亚历山大（左）和维塔利在2月抵达前线后不久阵亡
Vladimir Putin has repeatedly promised that no 18-year-olds called up to serve Russia will be sent to fight in Ukraine, but a BBC Russian investigation has found at least 245 soldiers of that age have been killed there in the past two years. New government rules mean teenagers fresh out of school have been able to bypass military service and go straight into the regular army as contract soldiers. They may make up only a fraction of Russian losses, but cash bonuses and patriotic propaganda have made signing up an attractive choice.
普京多次承诺不会派遣应征入伍的18岁青年赴乌作战，但BBC俄语组调查发现过去两年至少有245名该年龄士兵阵亡。新规允许应届毕业生跳过义务兵役，直接以合同兵身份加入正规军。他们虽只占俄军伤亡一小部分，但现金奖励和爱国宣传使签约极具诱惑力。
Alexander Petlinsky enlisted two weeks after his 18th birthday. He was killed in Ukraine just 20 days later: one of hundreds of thousands of soldiers killed in Russia's full-scale war in Ukraine which has also claimed the lives of at least 13,500 Ukrainian civilians since Putin launched the invasion in February 2022.
亚历山大·佩特林斯基18岁生日两周后入伍，20天后便战死乌克兰——这场自2022年2月发起的全面战争已致数十万士兵阵亡，至少13,500名乌克兰平民丧生。
Petlinsky's aunt Ekaterina said he had dreamed of a career in medicine and won a place at a medical college in Chelyabinsk, an industrial regional centre in the Urals."But Sasha had another dream," she told a school memorial event."When the special military operation began, Sasha was 15. And he dreamed of going to the front."
佩特林斯基的姨妈叶卡捷琳娜说，他本梦想学医并考入了乌拉尔工业重镇车里雅宾斯克的医学院。"但萨沙还有另一个梦想，"她在学校追思会上说，"特别军事行动开始时他15岁，就梦想着上前线。"
In Ukraine, the call-up age is 25. Russia has managed to avoid a national mobilisation by offering lavish sums to men of fighting age - an especially attractive deal for those in poorer regions with few job prospects.
乌克兰征兵年龄为25岁。俄罗斯通过向适龄男性提供丰厚报酬避免全国动员——这对就业前景黯淡的贫困地区尤其诱人。
Initially, men had to have at least three months of conscript service under their belts before signing a contract. That restriction was quietly dropped in April 2023, despite protests from some MPs, so now any young man who has reached the age of 18 and finished school can sign up to join the army. Russia's education system has ensured they are ready to enlist.
最初男性需完成至少三个月义务兵役才能签约。尽管有议员反对，该限制于2023年4月悄然取消，如今任何年满18岁的毕业生均可参军。俄罗斯教育体系已为他们做好准备。
Alexander Petlinsky/VK Alexander Petlinsky had always intended to become a doctor but signed an army contract as soon as he turned 18
亚历山大·佩特林斯基/VK 佩特林斯基曾立志从医，却在18岁当天签约入伍
Since the full-scale invasion began, teachers have been required by law to hold classes dedicated to the"special military operation", as the war is officially known. Soldiers returning from the front visit schools to talk about their experiences, children are taught how to make camouflage nets and trench candles, and even nursery school pupils are encouraged to send letters and drawings to the frontline.
全面入侵开始后，法律要求教师开设"特别军事行动"专题课程。前线归来的士兵到校演讲，孩子们学习制作伪装网和战壕蜡烛，连幼儿园学生都被鼓励向前线寄送图画。
At the start of the last school year on 1 September 2024, a new subject was brought into the curriculum. In a throwback to the Soviet era, senior students are once again being taught how to use Kalashnikov rifles and hand grenades as part of a course called"The Basics of Safety and Homeland Defence".
2024年9月1日新学期起，新课标增设苏联式课程《安全与国土防御基础》，高中生重新学习使用卡拉什尼科夫步枪和手榴弹。
In many regions, military recruiters now attend careers lessons in schools and technical colleges, telling young people how to sign up as contract soldiers after they graduate.
多地区征兵官员现进入中学和技校职业课堂，指导毕业生如何签约入伍。
Vitaly Ivanov/VK Vitaly Ivanov complained he had been beaten into confessing to a robbery
维塔利·伊万诺夫/VK 伊万诺夫曾控诉遭刑讯逼供认罪
Vitaly Ivanov grew up in a small village in Siberia and dropped out of college where he was learning to be a mechanic. He got into trouble with police, and when he was accused of robbing a small shop in November 2024, he complained to his mother and girlfriend he had been beaten into giving a confession.
西伯利亚村庄长大的维塔利·伊万诺夫从机械技校辍学，2024年11月被控抢劫小店时，他向母亲和女友哭诉遭殴打认罪。
His friend Mikhail told the BBC that Vitaly had always planned to do his military service when he turned 18. Then, together, they would go and find work building roads in Kazan, a city about 3,700km (2,300 miles) to the west. Instead, he signed a contract to join the army. His family have not ruled out that it was the police who"persuaded" him.
好友米哈伊尔告诉BBC，维塔利原计划18岁服完兵役后，两人同去3700公里外的喀山修路。最终他却签约参军，家人不排除是警方"劝说"的结果。
The day before he left he called his mother, Anna, to say he was about to leave."I'm off to the special military operation," he explained. In other words, he was heading for Ukraine. He and Alexander reached the frontline at about the same time in February. Vitaly's last message home on 5 February was to say he was being sent into combat."This was his first and last combat mission," says Anna. The enlistment office rang her a month later to say he had died on 11 February.
出发前日他告诉母亲安娜："我要去参加特别军事行动了。"即前往乌克兰。2月他与亚历山大同期抵达前线，5日最后一条信息说将被派作战。"这是他第一次也是最后一次战斗，"安娜说。一个月后征兵办来电通知他11日阵亡。
As part of BBC Russian's ongoing project using open sources to count Russia's war dead, we have identified and confirmed 245 names of 18-year-old contract soldiers killed in Ukraine between April 2023 - when the rules for joining up were eased - and July 2025. All were enlisted as contract servicemen and, judging from published obituaries, most joined the armed forces voluntarily.
作为BBC俄语组开源统计俄军阵亡者项目，我们核实了2023年4月（放宽入伍规则）至2025年7月期间245名18岁合同兵死者姓名。根据公开讣告，他们均自愿签约入伍。
Overall, according to our research, since the start of the full-scale invasion at least 2,812 Russian men aged 18-20 years have been killed in Ukraine. The BBC's figures are based on open-source information and because not every death is publicly reported, the real losses are bound to be higher.
研究显示，全面入侵以来至少2,812名18-20岁俄罗斯男性在乌丧生。因非所有死亡都公开报道，实际数字必然更高。
By late July the BBC had established the names of 120,343 Russian soldiers killed during the full-scale war. Military experts estimate that makes up 45-65% of the real death toll, which would equate to 185,143 to 267,500 dead.
截至7月下旬，BBC确认120,343名俄军阵亡者姓名。军事专家估计这占实际死亡数的45-65%，即185,143至267,500人。
