生成中...【新闻趣读】大堡礁开启"美白模式"！最新报告显示，这个被称为"海洋建筑师"的生态系统正经历近40年最严重的珊瑚白化危机——北部和南部区域同时"褪色"，活像被漂白剂泡过的巨型乐高。热带气旋和长棘海星的大快朵颐固然是帮凶，但幕后黑手还是气候变化这个"温水煮珊瑚"的慢火灶。澳大利亚政府倒是想出了用醋和牛胆汁毒杀海星的奇招，但科学家警告：再不降温，珊瑚就要从"地球最美纹身"变成"海底白骨精"了！（友情提示：想看彩色珊瑚的请抓紧，未来可能只剩黑白纪录片）
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Great Barrier Reef suffers worst coral decline on record
大堡礁遭遇有记录以来最严重珊瑚衰退
2 hours ago Share Save Tom McArthur BBC News Share Save
2小时前 分享 保存 BBC记者汤姆·麦克阿瑟 分享 保存
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盖蒂图片社
Parts of the Great Barrier Reef have suffered the largest annual decline in coral cover since records began nearly 40 years ago, according to a new report. Northern and southern branches of the sprawling Australian reef both suffered their most widespread coral bleaching, the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) found. Reefs have been battered in recent months by tropical cyclones and outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish that feast on coral, but heat stress driven by climate change is the predominant reason, AIMS said. AIMS warns the habitat may reach a tipping point where coral cannot recover fast enough between catastrophic events and faces a"volatile" future.
新报告显示，大堡礁部分区域遭遇近40年有记录以来最严重的年度珊瑚覆盖量下降。澳大利亚海洋科学研究所发现，这座绵延的珊瑚礁北部和南部都经历了最广泛的白化现象。虽然近期热带气旋和以珊瑚为食的长棘海星暴发造成破坏，但研究所称气候变化导致的热应激才是主因。该机构警告生态系统可能达到临界点，珊瑚无法在灾难事件间快速恢复，面临"动荡"未来。
AIMS surveyed the health of 124 coral reefs between August 2024 and May 2025. It has been performing surveys since 1986. Often dubbed the world's largest living structure, the Great Barrier Reef is a 2,300km (1,429-mile) expanse of tropical corals that houses a stunning array of biodiversity. Repeated bleaching events are turning vast swaths of once-vibrant coral white. Australia's second largest reef, Ningaloo – on Australia's western coast – has also experienced repeated bleaching, and this year both major reefs simultaneously turned white for the first time ever. Coral is vital to the planet. Nicknamed the sea's architect, it builds vast structures that house an estimated 25% of all marine species. Bleaching happens when coral gets stressed and turns white because the water it lives in is too hot.
该研究所在2024年8月至2025年5月调查了124处珊瑚礁健康状况。自1986年持续监测的这座常被称为世界最大活体结构的珊瑚礁，长达2300公里（1429英里），孕育惊人生物多样性。反复白化事件使大片曾经鲜艳的珊瑚变白。澳洲第二大珊瑚礁宁格鲁（西海岸）也频现白化，今年两大礁体首次同步变白。珊瑚被喻为"海洋建筑师"，构筑了容纳25%海洋物种的生态系统，其白化是因水温过高导致共生藻流失。
Getty Images Coral can recover from heat stress but it needs time - ideally several years
盖蒂图片社 珊瑚可从热应激中恢复但需时数年
Stressed coral will probably die if it experiences temperatures 1C (1.8F) above its thermal limit for two months. If waters are 2C higher, it can survive around one month. Unusually warm tropical waters triggered widespread coral bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef in 2024 and in the first few months of 2025, the sixth such event since 2016. As well as climate change, natural weather patterns like El Niño can also play a role in mass bleaching events. The reef has"experienced unprecedented levels of heat stress, which caused the most spatially extensive and severe bleaching recorded to date," the report found. Any recovery could take years and was dependent on future coral reproduction and minimal environmental disturbance, according to the report.
珊瑚在超耐热极限1°C（1.8°F）持续两月后可能死亡，2°C下仅能存活约一月。异常温暖海水导致大堡礁2024年和2025年初遭遇第六次大规模白化（自2016年来）。除气候变化外，厄尔尼诺等天气模式也助推白化。报告指出该礁经历"空前热应激水平，造成迄今空间最广、程度最严重的白化"。恢复或需数年且取决于珊瑚繁殖和低环境干扰。
In the latest AIMS survey results, the most affected coral species were the Acropora, which are susceptible to heat stress and a favoured food of the crown-of-thorns starfish."These corals are the fastest to grow and are the first to go," AIMS research lead Dr Mike Emslie told ABC News."The Great Barrier Reef is such a beautiful, iconic place, it's really, really worth fighting for. And if we can give it a chance, it's shown an inherent ability to recover," he said.
最新调查中，最受影响的是易受热应激且被长棘海星偏爱的鹿角珊瑚。"这些珊瑚生长最快也最先消亡，"研究所负责人麦克·埃姆斯利博士表示，"大堡礁如此美丽 iconic，绝对值得守护。只要给予机会，它已展现内在恢复能力。"
There has been some success with the Australian government's crown-of-thorns starfish culling programme, which has killed over 50,000 starfish by injecting them with vinegar or ox bile."Due to crown-of-thorns starfish control activities, there were no potential, established, or severe outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish recorded on Central GBR reefs in 2025," the AIMS report noted. The creatures are native to the Great Barrier Reef and are capable of eating vast amounts of coral. But since the 1960s their numbers have increased significantly, with nutrients from land-based agriculture run-off regarded as the most likely cause.
澳大利亚政府通过注射醋或牛胆汁已清除超5万只长棘海星。"因防控措施，2025年大堡礁中部未记录潜在或严重海星暴发。"报告指出这种原生物种虽能大量啃食珊瑚，但自1960年代以来数量激增，主因或是农业径流带来的养分。
