生成中...【新闻趣读】罗马尼亚"转型教父"伊利埃斯库去世，享年95岁！这位带领国家走出齐奥塞斯库时代的首任民选总统，给罗马尼亚留下了分裂的遗产——有人赞他是"民主先驱"，有人骂他是"披着羊皮的共产党"。最戏剧性的是，这位莫斯科毕业的工程师，一边把罗马尼亚送进北约，一边又召唤矿工血洗抗议学生，堪称东欧版"我狠起来连自己人都打"！（友情提示：评价历史人物请自带辩证眼镜）
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Former Romanian President Ion Iliescu dies aged 95
罗马尼亚前总统扬·伊利埃斯库去世 享年95岁
11 hours ago Share Save Mircea Barbu BBC News in Bucharest James Gregory BBC News Share Save
11小时前 分享 保存 BBC布加勒斯特记者米尔恰·巴布 BBC记者詹姆斯·格雷戈里 分享 保存
Getty Images Ion Iliescu pictured in 1996
盖蒂图片社 1996年的扬·伊利埃斯库
Former Romanian President Ion Iliescu, who presided over the country's chaotic transition from communism to democracy, has died aged 95. Iliescu had been diagnosed with lung cancer and hospitalised in early June in Romania's capital, Bucharest."It is with deep regret that the government announces the passing of the former President of Romania, Mr Ion Iliescu," a government statement said. Iliescu was Romania's first freely elected president, and served twice, between 1990-1996 and 2000-2004. He was accused of crimes against humanity over the violent revolt that toppled Romania's communist regime in 1989, but always denied wrongdoing.
领导罗马尼亚从共产主义向民主混乱转型的前总统扬·伊利埃斯库去世，享年95岁。6月初他被诊断出肺癌并在布加勒斯特住院治疗。政府声明称"怀着深切遗憾宣布前总统扬·伊利埃斯库逝世"。作为罗马尼亚首位民选总统，他于1990-1996年和2000-2004年两度执政，虽被指控在1989年推翻齐奥塞斯库政权的暴力革命中犯下反人类罪，但始终否认不当行为。
Born in 1930, in the southern city of Oltenita, Iliescu studied engineering in Russia, and later returned to Romania, where he joined the Communist Party. He left politics in 1980 but re-emerged nine years later, during the revolution. Following his election as president in 1990 with the Social Democratic Party, he was re-elected for a four-year term but then defeated in 1996. He returned to power in 2000 for a third and final term, during which Romania joined Nato and launched its bid for EU membership.
1930年出生于南部城市奥尔特尼察的伊利埃斯库曾在俄罗斯学习工程学，回国后加入共产党。1980年退出政坛，但在1989年革命中重新出山。1990年作为社会民主党候选人当选总统，1996年连任失败后，于2000年第三次当选并在任内推动罗马尼亚加入北约和启动欧盟入盟谈判。
Iliescu had largely withdrawn from public life in recent years, during which he faced charges of crimes against humanity but was never convicted. Prosecutors in 2018 formally indicted Iliescu over his role in the 1989 revolution, during which he rose to power. More than 1,000 people were killed during the revolt, and prosecutors alleged that Iliescu - who had taken control of the military - failed to prevent"numerous situations" where people were needlessly killed. He was also accused of spreading misinformation through the media that caused panic. The charges were ultimately dropped. In a separate case, he was also charged over his role in calling in miners to crush student protests after his election in 1990. Several people died and around 1,000 others were wounded in the bloody crackdown, which became known as the Mineriad and drew widespread international condemnation. That case was also dropped.
近年淡出公众视野的伊利埃斯库虽面临反人类罪指控但从未被定罪。2018年检方指控他在1989年夺权革命中未能阻止军方造成千余人死亡的"不必要杀戮"，并散布引发恐慌的虚假信息，但指控最终撤销。另案中他还被控在1990年选举后召矿工镇压学生抗议，造成多人死亡千人受伤的"矿工事件"，该案同样撤销。
AFP via Getty Images More than 1,100 people were killed during Romania's 1989 revolution
法新社/盖蒂图片社 1989年罗马尼亚革命造成超1100人死亡
Iliescu's death on Tuesday prompted his political allies and rivals to reflect on the complex and often contentious legacy he leaves behind. Romania's current President Nicusor Dan said that"history will judge" Iliescu, whom he called"the central character of the 90s transition"."It is our responsibility to clarify the major unresolved cases of that era, in order to move forward with full awareness," Dan added, ending his message with"may God forgive him". Former Romanian Prime Minister Marcel Ciolacu, said the country had lost"one of the most influential personalities in its recent history"."Ion Iliescu, an emblematic leader of Romanian social democracy, was a defining figure in our country's transition to democratic and European values after the 1989 Revolution." Sorin Grindeanu, the current leader of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), said that Iliescu"remains the social-democratic leader who fundamentally shaped the party's development – a politician who showed deep empathy for those in difficulty"."Regardless of divergent views, his contribution to Romania's transition to democracy remains part of our collective memory."
伊利埃斯库的去世引发政坛对其复杂遗产的反思。现任总统丹称其为"90年代转型核心人物"，表示"有责任厘清未决历史案件"；前总理乔拉库赞誉他是"社会民主象征"；现社民党主席格林代亚努则强调其"对困难群体的深切共情"。各方虽观点分歧，但均承认他对民主转型的贡献已成为集体记忆。
AFP via Getty Images Romania joined Nato and launched its bid for EU membership during Iliescu's final term as Romania's president
法新社/盖蒂图片社 伊利埃斯库最后一个总统任期内罗马尼亚加入北约并启动入盟谈判
