生成中...【新闻趣读】月球要开"核电站"了！NASA宣布2030年前在月球建核反应堆，号称要打造永久基地。中俄两国也被拉出来当"借口"——美媒称NASA代理局长担心两国在月球划"禁入区"。不过科学家们一边吐槽预算砍了24%还想上天？一边又承认核能可能是唯一靠谱的月球能源方案。最逗的是，这个计划居然由特朗普任命的临时局长推动，看来美国航天局也学会了"画大饼"技能啊！（友情提示：想应聘月球核电工程师的请抓紧，未来可能要和嫦娥做邻居）
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Nasa to put nuclear reactor on the Moon by 2030 - US media
美媒：NASA计划2030年前在月球部署核反应堆
16 hours ago Share Save Georgina Rannard Science correspondent Share Save
16小时前 分享 保存 科学记者乔治娜·兰纳德 分享 保存
NASA A concept image of NASA's Fission Surface Power Project
NASA裂变表面能源项目概念图
US space agency Nasa will fast-track plans to build a nuclear reactor on the Moon by 2030, according to US media. It is part of US ambitions to build a permanent base for humans to live on the lunar surface. According to Politico, the acting head of Nasa referred to similar plans by China and Russia and said those two countries"could potentially declare a keep-out zone" on the Moon. But questions remain about how realistic the goal and timeframe are, given recent and steep Nasa budget cuts, and some scientists are concerned that the plans are driven by geopolitical goals.
据美媒报道，美国宇航局将加速推进2030年前在月球建造核反应堆的计划，这是美国建设永久性月球基地的组成部分。政治新闻网称NASA代理局长提及中俄类似计划，表示两国"可能在月球宣布禁入区"。但考虑到NASA近期预算大幅削减，该目标是否现实存疑，也有科学家担忧计划受地缘政治目标驱动。
Nations including the US, China, Russia, India and Japan are rushing to explore the Moon's surface, with some planning permanent human settlements."To properly advance this critical technology to be able to support a future lunar economy, high power energy generation on Mars, and to strengthen our national security in space, it is imperative the agency move quickly," US transport secretary Sean Duffy, who was appointed temporary head of Nasa by President Donald Trump, wrote to Nasa, according to the New York Times. Mr Duffy called for proposals from commercial companies to build a reactor that could generate at least 100 kilowatts of power. This is relatively small. A typical on-shore wind turbine generates 2-3 megawatts. The idea of building a nuclear reactor as a power source on the Moon is not new. In 2022 Nasa issued three $5m contracts to companies to design a reactor. And in May this year, China and Russia announced they plan to build an automated nuclear power station on the Moon by 2035. Many scientists agree that it would be the best or perhaps only way to provide continuous power on the lunar surface. One lunar day is equivalent to four weeks on Earth, made up of two weeks of continual sunshine and two weeks of darkness. That makes relying on solar power very challenging.
美中俄印日等国正竞相探索月球表面，部分国家计划建立永久人类定居点。据《纽约时报》报道，特朗普任命的NASA临时局长肖恩·达菲在信中强调需快速推进该技术以支持未来月球经济、火星高功率发电及太空国家安全。他要求商业公司提交建造至少100千瓦反应堆的方案（相当于陆上风力涡轮机发电量的1/20）。月球核反应堆构想并非新事物——NASA2022年已授予三份500万美元设计合同，中俄今年5月宣布计划2035年前建设自动化月球核电站。科学家普遍认为这是解决月球持续供电的最佳或唯一方案，因月球昼夜各相当于地球两周，依赖太阳能极具挑战性。
CNSA/CLEP In 2020 China planted a flag on the Moon on its Chang'e-5 mission
中国国家航天局/探月工程 2020年嫦娥五号在月面展示国旗
"Building even a modest lunar habitat to accommodate a small crew would demand megawatt-scale power generation. Solar arrays and batteries alone cannot reliably meet those demands," suggests Dr Sungwoo Lim, senior lecturer in space applications, exploration and instrumentation at the university of Surrey"Nuclear energy is not just desirable, it is inevitable," he adds. Lionel Wilson, professor of earth and planetary sciences at Lancaster University, believes it is technically possible to place the reactors on the Moon by 2030"given the commitment of enough money", and he highlights that there are already designs for small reactors."It's just a matter of having enough Artemis launches to build the infrastructure on the Moon by then," he adds, referring to Nasa's Artemis spaceflight programme that aims to send people and equipment to the Moon. There are also some questions around safety."Launching radioactive material through the Earth's atmosphere brings safety concerns. You have to have a special license to do that, but it is not insurmountable," says Dr Simeon Barber, planetary science specialist at the Open University.
萨里大学太空应用专家林成佑博士指出："即使建造容纳小规模团队的月球基地也需兆瓦级电力，仅靠太阳能电池阵和蓄电池无法稳定满足需求，核能不仅是理想选择更是必然。"兰卡斯特大学行星科学教授威尔逊认为在充足资金支持下，2030年前技术可行，且小型反应堆设计已存在，"只需通过阿尔忒弥斯计划发射足够设备搭建基础设施"。开放大学行星科学专家巴伯博士提及放射性物质穿越大气层的安全隐患，但称"需特殊许可并非不可克服"。
Mr Duffy's directive came as a surprise following recent turmoil in Nasa after Mr Trump's administration announced cuts of 24% to Nasa's budgets in 2026. That includes cuts to a significant number of science programmes such as the Mars Sample Return that aims to return samples from the planet's surface to Earth.
达菲的指令令人意外，因特朗普政府刚宣布2026年NASA预算削减24%，包括火星采样返回等重要科学项目。该计划能否在预算紧缩下实现仍存疑问。
